umoya owomileyo wodongwe wodongwe othengiswayo

Udongwe ngumhlaba onamathelayo kunye namasuntswana esanti, kwaye uneplastikhi elungileyo kuphela xa amanzi engenakudlula kuwo ngokulula.
Udongwe oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa yimozulu yezimbiwa zesilicate emhlabeni. Ngokubanzi, i-weathered in situ. Amasuntswana makhulu kwaye ukwakheka kusondele kwilitye lokuqala, elibizwa ngokuba ludongwe lokuqala okanye udongwe oluphambili. Ezona zinto ziphambili zolu dongwe ziyisilica kunye nealuminium, emhlophe ngombala kunye nenqabileyo, kwaye zezona zinto ziphambili zokulungiselela udongwe lwe-porcelain.

Udongwe ngokubanzi lwenziwa sisimo sezulu sealuminosilicate izimbiwa emhlabeni. Kodwa ezinye i-diagenesis zinokuvelisa udongwe. Ukubonakala kodongwe ngexesha lezi nkqubo kunokusetyenziswa njengesalathiso senkqubela phambili yediagenesis.
Udongwe lubalulekile kwiminerali. Iqukethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-silicates ene-hydrated kunye nenani elithile le-alumina, i-alkali ye-oxides yensimbi kunye ne-alkaline yomhlaba i-oxides yensimbi, kwaye iqulethe ukungcola okufana ne-quartz, i-feldspar, i-mica, i-sulfate, i-sulfide kunye ne-carbonate.
Amaminerali odongwe mancinci, rhoqo ngaphakathi kubungakanani becolloidal, kwi-crystalline okanye kwifom ye-non-crystalline, uninzi lwazo ezimile okwe-flake, kwaye ezimbalwa zenziwe njenge-tubular okanye i-rod.
Izimbiwa zodongwe zenziwe ngeplastikhi emva kokumanziswa ngamanzi, zinokukhubazeka phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye zinokuhlala ziqinile ixesha elide, kwaye zinendawo enkulu engaphezulu. Amasuntswana ahlawuliswe ngokungaginyisi mathe, ngenxa yoko anokulungiswa kakuhle kwintengiso yomzimba kunye nomsebenzi weekhemikhali zomhlaba, kwaye ziyahambelana nezinye iications. Amandla okutshintsha.